Hip dysplasia is a developmental disorder where the hip joint fails to develop properly. In a normal hip joint, the ball (femoral head) fits snugly into the socket (acetabulum). In pets with hip dysplasia, this fit is loose or malformed, causing the joint to rub and grind instead of sliding smoothly. Over time, this abnormal wear and tear leads to arthritis, inflammation, and significant pain.

Congenital or genetic disorders are inherited conditions present at birth or that develop as the dog matures. These disorders can manifest in various ways, from physical deformities and chronic pain to neurological issues and severe disabilities. Despite advancements in veterinary medicine, some conditions remain untreatable, leaving the dog with a diminished quality of life. When a dog's suffering becomes too great, euthanasia may be the most humane option.

Terminal illnesses in dogs can manifest in various ways, with symptoms that progressively worsen over time. Cancer is one of the most common terminal illnesses in dogs, often leading to severe pain, weight loss, and diminished quality of life. Organ failure, such as kidney or liver failure, can cause a range of debilitating symptoms including lethargy, loss of appetite, and difficulty breathing. In some cases, there are untreatable illnesses that cause chronic pain and suffering, making it clear that the kindest option may be euthanasia for dogs.